Washington has been stepping up efforts to curb Beijing's technological ambitions, but from artificial intelligence to electric vehicle batteries, Chinese technology is becoming increasingly embedded in the businesses of some of the world's biggest companies.
Apple has tapped Alibaba and Baidu for AI in China, while Ford has turned to CATL for battery technology. Volkswagen has teamed up with Xpeng to develop smart EVs in China, while Stellantis is expanding its partnership with Leapmotor on EV production and joint purchasing.
Analysts say a broad shift is underway, with Chinese companies becoming sources of technology and innovation that global businesses cannot easily sidestep.
"Five years ago, China was primarily where global companies went to sell. Today, in certain sectors, it is where they go to source capability," Kitty Fok, managing director at market research firm IDC China, told CNBC.
